{"id":5324,"date":"2019-04-29T08:00:47","date_gmt":"2019-04-29T12:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/?p=5324"},"modified":"2023-11-01T16:36:00","modified_gmt":"2023-11-01T20:36:00","slug":"56-natural-regulation-worth-social-hormones-conscience","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/?p=5324","title":{"rendered":"56. Natural Regulation: Worth, Social Hormones, Conscience"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/pt02pg56-A-Worth.webp\" alt=\"Humans regulate their behavior instinctively via a number of autonomic processes, hormones, and the like, all of which evolved to crave worth in the eyes of others.\" class=\"wp-image-9720\" style=\"width:1200px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/pt02pg56-B-Behavior-Brain-Bits.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9722\" style=\"width:1200px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"2061\" src=\"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/pt02pg56-C-Oxytocin.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9723\" style=\"width:1200px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/pt02pg56-C-Oxytocin.webp 1200w, https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/pt02pg56-C-Oxytocin-768x1319.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/pt02pg56-D-Seratonin-et-al.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9724\" style=\"width:1200px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/pt02pg56-E-Conscience.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9725\" style=\"width:1200px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><div class=\"bg-margin-for-link\"><input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69f2acb2617700049940743' value='69f2acb2617700049940743'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69f2acb2617700049940743' value='Transcript'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69f2acb2617700049940743' value='Close Transcript'><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69f2acb2617700049940743' ><\/p>\n<p>Chapter 2: What Were They Thinking?<\/p>\n<p>Digression: Government from the Paleolithic to Philadelphia<\/p>\n<p>Page 56: Internal Social Regulation: Worth<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Sis taking a confident pose on some books, but Average Joe jumps in front interrupting.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><u>PEER PRES-<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>JOE<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Oh, I get it&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><u>HORMONES!<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS\u00a0(taken aback)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">What? No!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Remember how I brought up <strong>gossip<\/strong> a few pages back? <strong>That\u2019s<\/strong> how we kept tabs on each other, and <strong>that\u2019s<\/strong> how we made sure our peers lived up to our <strong>standards!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>JOE\u00a0(thinking it through)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Yeeesss&#8230; but how would that have <strong>worked?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">I imagine we\u2019d be living up to these standards <strong>automatically.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">For self-regulation to be as natural as you\u2019re saying, we\u2019d have to know how to behave&#8230; <strong>without<\/strong> stopping to think through every little thing&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">&#8230;which means our default social regulation can\u2019t be a <strong>conscious<\/strong> process, but an unconscious, <strong>biological<\/strong> process! A natural one, like any other animal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">(I mean, really, isn\u2019t that where you were going with all this?)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS\u00a0(weighing words gesture)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Kinda&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Well, yes and no&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">I mean, at the <strong>heart <\/strong>of, uh&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">It all works because deep down, we all fundamentally crave<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><u>WORTH<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">&#8230;and <em>that<\/em> is the <strong>secret<\/strong> to our success!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">When talking about the \u201cwhy\u201d and \u201chow\u201d of government, we often think of people as self-serving economic units<br \/>&#8212; each of us acting as individuals, trying to maximize our own self-interest. That <em>sounds<\/em> good, but it\u2019s <strong>wrong.<\/strong> It\u2019s a false assumption, and it\u2019ll give you screwy results.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">It\u2019s equally incorrect to say our \u201cdefault\u201d social order is to help our \u201cblood\u201d &#8212; folks who share our same lineage. Again, these ideas of family, tribe, and clan are fairly recent. They\u2019re potent narratives, sure, but they\u2019re not our <strong>nature.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">I\u2019d argue that our <strong>real<\/strong> default &#8212; what truly drives human social regulation &#8212; is our inherent desire for <strong>worth.<\/strong> For the sense that we <strong>matter&#8230;<\/strong> to the people who matter to <strong>us!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Smiling girl clutching a flower<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>GIRL<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">You like me! You really like me!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Text box with Sis and Joe cameos.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Important: Worth is <strong>not<\/strong> inherent. You\u2019re not born with it, it\u2019s not automatic just because you exist. It\u2019s really not even a trait you <strong>have<\/strong>. Worth is a perception that <strong>other<\/strong> people have&#8230; <strong>about<\/strong> you.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Don\u2019t get me wrong, it\u2019s great to live today in a culture that says everyone has a basic human value. That narrative is <strong>central<\/strong> to so much of constitutional law! But it\u2019s only our present narrative, not a universal truth. And this value still only describes how <strong>we<\/strong> feel about you&#8230; not how you <strong>are.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>JOE<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">And you thought <strong>I<\/strong> was wordy!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Fishing people on the beach, one guy repairing a net, one offering to help him, and another guy lazing about.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>YOUNG WOMAN\u00a0(indicating the guy offering to help)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">See this guy? He\u2019s a <strong>good<\/strong> person. Tries to do the right thing, pulls his weight, <strong>cares<\/strong> how you\u2019re doing&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">See if you can guess how we all feel about <strong>him!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>HELPER GUY<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Need a hand?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>YOUNG WOMAN<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Not like that no-good <strong>worthless<\/strong> asshole over there &#8212; only cares about himself&#8230; always there are meal times, but never around when there\u2019s work to do&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Mm-hmm. Guess who ain\u2019t getting a seat at supper any more?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>People walking away from an anguished woman.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">And worth <strong>does<\/strong> drive unconscious, biological self-regulation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Each of us is a social, communal being who <strong>needs<\/strong> the acceptance of others as much as we need food &#8212; maybe even more.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">A sense of belonging, of being valued, respected&#8230; Such things may not be technically necessary for our organs to function, but they <strong>are<\/strong> a biological requirement if our minds and bodies are to function <strong>properly.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Hardly surprising, it being a matter of life and death and all that.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Handy and Dandy Co Worth-O-Meter.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Because it\u2019s so important, we evolved to be super-<strong>aware<\/strong> of how others value our worth. Your brain is constantly <strong>monitoring<\/strong> your social status&#8230; in real time.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Non-conscious <strong>background<\/strong> apps, always on, watch for <em>signals<\/em> from other people, watch your <em>own<\/em> behavior, respond with <em>emotions<\/em> and social signals, and even <strong>control<\/strong> how you behave!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Your <strong>self-awareness<\/strong> app, for example, watches your own behavior and listens to your own thoughts. How else can you tell whether you\u2019re behaving appropriately?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">In a neat trick of unconscious imagination, you can now pre-emptively feel about <strong>yourself<\/strong> the way <strong>others<\/strong> would feel about you (and modify your behavior accordingly).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Sis and Hobbes<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Hobbes\u2019 \u201csolitary brutish\u201d mankind wouldn\u2019t <strong>need<\/strong> a sense of \u201cself,\u201d because it wouldn\u2019t <strong>matter<\/strong> whether other people approved of you.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Brain at a lectern.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Why<\/strong> you did something matters, so your storytelling superpower kicks in to explain your own behavior to you &#8212; in the context of what\u2019s socially <strong>acceptable.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">It helps you both make sense of how appropriately you\u2019re acting, <strong>and<\/strong> justify yourself to others.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>BRAIN<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">It\u2019s like having your own personal press secretary!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Stick figures<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">This \u201cmeta-cognition\u201d ability is crucial for proper socialization and self-regulation &#8212; for building good character.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">People who aren\u2019t good at it may not even <strong>realize<\/strong> (much less accept) that they\u2019ve done something wrong.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">They\u2019re also less willing to compromise, consider alternatives, and build consensus.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>JERKS<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Hey, don\u2019t blame <strong>me!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Ha ha, <strong>suckers!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>My<\/strong> way or the <strong>highway!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">My way is the <strong>only<\/strong> way!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Couple standing in a stream, catching fish.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Fortunately, most of us get pretty good at it after early childhood. Self-awareness is a standard component of social maturity.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">In bands, exceptions must have been rare.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>GIRL<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Maybe <strong>your<\/strong> era can tolerate people who don\u2019t have much self-awareness.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>GUY<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">But in <strong>ours&#8230;?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Feedback contraption, churning <strong>inputs<\/strong> (praise, facial expressions, gestures, body language, laughter, \u201cNo!\u201d, blushing, tone of voice, tears, smiles, social emotions) into a green beam of positive <strong>rewards<\/strong> (promote pro-social behavior) and a red beam of negative <strong>restraints<\/strong> (repress selfish urges).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">But there\u2019s a lot more going on, far away from your consciousness. Pre-conscious processes and neurotransmitters form a complex <strong>feedback<\/strong> app that picks up on social signals and cues, on compliments and criticisms, and on your own self-assessments &#8212; and then it <strong>adjusts<\/strong> your behavior accordingly.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">When it\u2019s working properly, you learn to do the right thing <strong>automatically<\/strong> &#8212; you do what\u2019s right because it\u2019s what you <em>do,<\/em> not \u2018cause you thought it <em>through.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>GREEN BEAM<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Positive rewards include actual physical pleasures like euphoria, comfort, thrills&#8230; and emotions like happiness, pride, and joy. Doing good literally makes you <strong>feel<\/strong> good, and want to keep doing it.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>RED BEAM<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Negative restraints include physical discomfort and even pain (ever suffer heartbreak? mental anguish? that awful feeling in the pit of your stomach?)&#8230; and unpleasant emotions like shame, dismay, and sadness. Social disapproval makes us feel <strong>miserable,<\/strong> and we really do not want to feel that way again.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Stick figures<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Negative feedback affects us more. The downsides of losing worth, of rejection and exclusion, could be deadly <strong>terrible.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>ANGUISHED<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">I\u2019m <strong>starving!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>vs.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>OFFERING FOOD<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">More?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>BIG BELLY<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">No thanks, I\u2019m stuffed!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Positive rewards are great, but once you\u2019re accepted it\u2019s not like you need <strong>more<\/strong> acceptance.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">You didn\u2019t need to be extra-awesome, but you couldn\u2019t afford to be even a little awful.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">That said, the good feedback is <strong>really<\/strong> good!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Oxytocin hugging and smiling.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Your autonomic nervous system uses a cocktail of neurotransmitters and hormones to regulate your social as unconsciously as your heartbeat. One of the major players is <strong>oxytocin.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">[SUGGESTED EDIT: Change \u201cregulate your social\u201d to \u201cregulate your social behavior\u201d]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Worried half of Oxy T being comforted by the other half<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">This one\u2019s all about our feelings <strong>for<\/strong> other people. Oxytocin is behind the <strong>bonds<\/strong> we form &#8212; bonds of love, affection, loyalty, friendship. It\u2019s what stimulates altruism and self-sacrifice. And it helps steer us towards pro-social behavior.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Pro-social behavior (by you, and by others) causes Oxy T. to <strong>calm<\/strong> stress and fear hormones&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>OXY T.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Shh, it\u2019s okay. We\u2019re here for you.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Both halves smiling happily with each other<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">&#8230;While stimulating your brain\u2019s <strong>reward<\/strong> system, making you feel safe and comfortable and <strong>happy.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>People engaged in social behaviors<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Whenever you engage in social activity, oxytocin and its effects <strong>condition<\/strong> you to feel trust and affection for those you\u2019re sharing the experience <strong>with.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Women holding hands and jumping with excitement.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Social <strong>contact<\/strong> counts, too! Holding hands, hugging, cuddling&#8230; all these physical connections are <strong>rewarded.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Undressed couple sharing a loving moment.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Sex<\/strong> can flood you with the stuff&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">&#8230;especially if you already have an emotional bond.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>\u201cThree is a magic number\u201d family again.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Skin-to-skin contact between a mother and her baby stimulates massive waves of oxytocin, reinforcing ever more powerful feelings of love, and instincts of motherly care.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">(It works on fathers a little, too, though dads seem to form stronger bonds by <strong>playing<\/strong> with their kids and helping them explore their world.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Teen boys from before.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Importantly, oxytocin helps your brain identify (and recognize) which people <strong>matter<\/strong> to you.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>BOYS<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Team!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">I <strong>love<\/strong> these guys!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Team!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">And it reinforces your <strong>empathy<\/strong> for those people. You feel their pain. You\u2019re more likely to aid your teammates and <strong>sacrifice<\/strong> on their behalf.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Good survival skill!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Text box<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">On the flip side: Oxytocin increases your <strong>distrust<\/strong> of strangers!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">That seems odd for a system designed for bonding, right? But in fact it reinforces antipathy and <strong>aversion<\/strong> to \u201cthe other.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Joe confused, Sis shrugging<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>JOE<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">But isn\u2019t xenophobia the <strong>opposite<\/strong> of pro-social behavior?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Yeah, but if you think about it, even if strangers weren\u2019t a <strong>threat<\/strong>, they still wouldn\u2019t have been invested in <strong>helping<\/strong> you.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Putting yourself at risk for someone who won\u2019t reciprocate? That would have been <strong>pointless.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">&#8230;So evolution seems to have favored a system that <strong>inhibits<\/strong> us from doing that.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Text box<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">This tension between \u201cus\u201d and \u201cthem\u201d will go on to be the eternal struggle of <strong>government.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Who <strong>counts<\/strong> as \u201cone of us\u201d?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">And what if those with power don\u2019t think <strong>we\u2019re<\/strong> \u201cone of us\u201d?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">These are questions that will drive political conflict and development from the <strong>Paleolithic<\/strong> to <strong>Philadelphia&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">&#8230;to the <strong>present!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Blissed-out dopamine and scattered drugs.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Oxytocin rewards pro-social behavior with <strong>dopamine.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Dr. D. is the one who makes it all feel <strong>good.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">His job is to <strong>motivate<\/strong> your brain to do that social stuff <strong>again!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">To give you an idea of how <strong>good<\/strong> he is at his job, modern drugs like cocaine and meth work by <strong>imitating<\/strong> the positive social feedback we get from dopamine.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Just about <strong>every<\/strong> addictive drug plays with our dopamine pathway in one way or another.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Sunny serotonin<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Seratonin<\/strong> is another important one, involved in social <strong>cues<\/strong> and <strong>signals,<\/strong> and working behind the scenes to make sure you\u2019re getting along with everyone.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SARA T.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Hi! Call me Sara!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">You look <strong>great<\/strong>, by the way!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">I\u2019m not like the other guys <br \/>&#8212; I don\u2019t reward you for what you\u2019ve <em>done&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>My<\/strong> job is to get you in a better <strong>mood<\/strong> going forward!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">I\u2019m here to perk you up, make you a more open and <strong>cheerful<\/strong> you&#8230; a more sociable and <strong>likeable<\/strong> you!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">&#8230;A more <span style=\"text-decoration: line-through\">worthwhile<\/span> <strong>worthy<\/strong> you!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Sara T. turning up dial, strengthening bond between tinkertoy neurons like Hippy the hippocampus did.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Like her cousin Oxy, Sara <strong>doesn\u2019t<\/strong> work like an on-off switch, making big changes all at once.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">They <strong>gradually<\/strong> build their effects over time. Little adjustments to your brain\u2019s wiring that strengthen <strong>this<\/strong> association, weaken <strong>that<\/strong> one.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SARA T.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">I\u2019m gonna turn that one <strong>up<\/strong> a smidge!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">But if they <strong>keep<\/strong> turning that dial, day after day, the cumulative effects can be <strong>potent!<\/strong> Robust feelings of attachment, loyalty, empathy, sociability, etc. that can <strong>withstand<\/strong> whatever the world throws at them.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Happy singing seratonins<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Seratonin basically makes you feel <strong>awesome<\/strong> when you and yours are getting along and playing nice.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SINGING SERATONINS<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Everything is awesome!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Everything is cool when you\u2019re part of a team!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Worth-o-Meter spewing forth lots of seratonins<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Your Worth-O-Meter has a <strong>big<\/strong> effect on your serotonin levels. The more you feel like others <strong>approve<\/strong> of you, the more the world just seems <strong>right &#8212; <\/strong>and the more serotonin gets pumped into your brain&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SEROTONINS<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Feelin\u2019 groovy!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">&#8230;and the more you feel pro-social, cooperative, confident, friendly, relaxed&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">&#8230;so others like you even more&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">&#8230;making you produce even more serotonin and want to <strong>keep<\/strong> winning approval!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Worried Sara<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Sara T.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Oh no, people who <strong>matter<\/strong> to you are criticizing you. <strong>Rejecting<\/strong> you.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">SIS (narrating)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">But if things <strong>aren\u2019t<\/strong> going her way?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Furious Sara on fire<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Sara T.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">You want <strong>feedback?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>I\u2019ll<\/strong> give you feedback!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">How\u2019s <strong>that<\/strong> feel, motherfucker? Like someone kicked you in the <strong>gut?<\/strong> That\u2019s <strong>right,<\/strong> I just activated your <strong>pain<\/strong> regions!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">You gonna be antisocial <strong>again,<\/strong> motherfucker? Nah, I didn\u2019t <strong>think<\/strong> so!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Sis and Joe talking heads<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">That\u2019s only a <strong>few<\/strong> of the hormones that regulate our communal behavior kinda <em>instinctively.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">There\u2019s neuropeptide Y, and acetylcholine&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>JOE<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Ha!<\/strong> I <strong>told<\/strong> you it was hormones!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Testosterone<\/strong> is your \u201clet\u2019s do it!\u201d hormone.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">In more ways than one.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Believe it or not, higher testosterone increases your friendliness, cooperation, and altruism.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>JOE<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">I thought it made you more aggressive.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Not all aggression is anti-social.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">It spikes dramatically during challenges that are important to self-<strong>worth,<\/strong> driving up your dopamine to <strong>motivate<\/strong> you to do well, take risks, and go all out for the team!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Text starts getting smaller and smaller<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">I guess the \u201cI give up hormone is <strong>cortisol?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">[SUGGESTED EDIT: Close the quotes after \u201cI give up]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">This one\u2019s produced when you think you might <strong>lose<\/strong> status.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">When you psyche yourself out <strong>before<\/strong> a challenge, cortisol is your confidence killer &#8212; it makes you do even <strong>worse.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">[SUGGESTED EDIT: Change \u201cpsyche\u201d to \u201cpsych\u201d]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">You pay <strong>too much<\/strong> attention to what other people are thinking, you get self-conscious, shy, stressed&#8230; the <strong>opposite<\/strong> of \u201ccool\u201d&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>BIG text<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">ANYWAY&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Nurse hauling several people on gurneys into an operating room where surgery is already going on.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">There\u2019s more to internal self-regulation than mere chemistry. You can <strong>think,<\/strong> after all!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">When faced with a <strong>choice,<\/strong> you can stop&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>NURSE<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Doctor! There\u2019s been a terrible accident. These five men need transplants right now or they will die!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Luckily, the patient you\u2019re operating on is a perfect match &#8212; we could chop him up for parts!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SURGEON<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Just a moment, nurse.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Think it through&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SURGEON\u00a0(thinking)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Hmm&#8230; If I do nothing, five people will die.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">If I act, then only one person will die, and five will be saved&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">And we could always blame the anaesthesiologist&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">&#8230;and do what you think is <strong>best.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SURGEON<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">I\u2019m sorry, nurse. While it is sad and tragic that these men are dying&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">It would be <strong>immoral<\/strong> for me to actively <strong>kill<\/strong> this one.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Ghostly image of brain looking at the brain<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">For the most part, however, you <strong>don\u2019t<\/strong> stop to noodle through everything you do. If you\u2019ve been properly socialized, you have a lifetime of training in what\u2019s right and wrong &#8212; you don\u2019t have to think about it any more than you have to think about your name&#8230; or how to walk. You just intuitively <strong>know<\/strong> what to do.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">It\u2019s not con<strong>scious&#8230;<\/strong> It\u2019s<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><u>CONSCIENCE<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Your conscience lets you step <strong>outside<\/strong> of yourself to assess your conduct from <strong>society\u2019s<\/strong> perspective.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">One way is to <strong>imagine<\/strong> yourself doing something, and <strong>judging<\/strong> whether it would be okay.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>GHOST BRAIN\u00a0<\/em><em>(singing)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">I\u2019m on the outside&#8230; I\u2019m looking in&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Fork in the road with signpost \u201cDO THIS\u201d and \u201cDO THAT\u201d with the \u201cdo this\u201d path blocked by \u201cROAD CLOSED\u201d and \u201cNOT AN OPTION\u201d barriers.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS (narrating)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">In a way, your conscience <strong>limits<\/strong> what options are even available to you, regulating your behavior before you even <strong>start.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">The more well-socialized you are, the more your conscience keeps you on the straight and narrow &#8212; <strong>even when<\/strong> nobody else is around to see!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">You\u2019re demonstrating good character &#8212; another way of saying <strong>worth!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">And that\u2019s a powerful mechanism of human social regulatio-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Sis making an X \u201ctime out\u201d gesture.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Now stop for a moment. Just&#8230; stop.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">This <strong>internal<\/strong> self-regulation stuff is all well and good&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">But if you ask me, it\u2019s all <strong>secondary!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">It all depends on what <strong>other people<\/strong> would consider \u201cacceptable.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">What\u2019s <strong>primary<\/strong> has to be what your community <strong>already<\/strong> feels is \u201cright\u201d or \u201cwrong.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Sis, looking frazzled but triumphant<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>SIS<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">So if you don\u2019t mind, I\u2019d like to explore the <strong>external<\/strong> ways that we humans regulate <strong>each other\u2019s<\/strong> behavior.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Without<\/strong> politics&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Without<\/strong> princes, presidents, or potentates&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">But <strong>with&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div><a id='bg-showmore-action-69f2acb2617700049940743' class='bg-showmore-plg-link bg-arrow '  style=\" color:#9ca7a5;;\" href='#'>Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2026with what? What? Pomegranites? Patronage? Pandemonium? &#8230;WHAT?<\/p>\n<p>On another note, I&#8217;ve finally gotten around to creating an Instagram for this comic. I&#8217;m going to try to post process art and ideas there while I&#8217;m working on each page. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/law.comic\/\">https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/law.comic\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>If you like this comic and would like to help me post pages more frequently, you can contribute to my Patreon: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.patreon.com\/nathanburney\">https:\/\/www.patreon.com\/nathanburney<\/a>. My sexy, sexy Patrons get to see each page before it goes live, at 4X the resolution, and more!\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Thanks for reading, you are awesome!<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2026with what? What? Pomegranites? Patronage? Pandemonium? &#8230;WHAT? On another note, I&#8217;ve finally gotten around to creating an Instagram for this comic. I&#8217;m going to try to post process art and ideas there while I&#8217;m working on each page. https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/law.comic\/ If &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/?p=5324\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[48,35,58,1,46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5324","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-brief-history-of-government","category-constitutional-law","category-the-cognitive-revolution","category-uncategorized","category-what-were-they-thinking"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5324","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5324"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5324\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5324"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5324"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5324"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}