{"id":7106,"date":"2023-01-04T00:34:33","date_gmt":"2023-01-04T05:34:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/?p=7106"},"modified":"2025-11-13T14:22:25","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T20:22:25","slug":"106-learning-from-the-law-codes-jews-in-exile","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/?p=7106","title":{"rendered":"106. Learning from the Law Codes: Jews in Exile"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"2063\" src=\"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/pt02pg106-Origins-of-Law-D-Yahweh.webp\" alt=\"After returning from exile, the elites of Judah started exalting a god, not a king, as sovereign. Who was this &quot;Yahweh&quot; fellow?\" class=\"wp-image-9899\" style=\"width:1200px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/pt02pg106-Origins-of-Law-D-Yahweh.webp 1200w, https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/pt02pg106-Origins-of-Law-D-Yahweh-768x1320.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><div class=\"bg-margin-for-link\"><input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='6a8e7b0f28cc75068065321' value='6a8e7b0f28cc75068065321'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-6a8e7b0f28cc75068065321' value='View Transcript'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-6a8e7b0f28cc75068065321' value='Close Transcript'><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-6a8e7b0f28cc75068065321' ><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Constitutional Law<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Part 2: \u201cWhat Were They Thinking?\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Digression: \u201cA History of Government in 6 Revolutions: From the Paleolithic to Philadelphia\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">106. Learning from the Law Codes: Jews in Exile<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Panel 1: A map of the Levant, with the region once known as Judah in brown, with a brown arrow pointing to it. Jerusalem is marked by a black dot, with a red arrow pointing to it.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">NARRATION:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u201cBack home\u201d was <strong>Yehud<\/strong>\u2014a province of the Neo-Babylonian Empire\u2014and its main city <strong>Uru-Shalayim.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Or, as they later came to be known:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>Judah<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">and<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>Jerusalem.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">-=-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Panel 2: A view of part of the globe looking west from Jerusalem across the Dead Sea. A great arrow curves from Judah across the distant horizon to Babylon.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">NARRATION: Yehud had rebelled against the empire and lost. The Babylonians had responded in the time-honored way, by <strong>marching<\/strong> the ruling elites off to Babylon\u2014<strong>exiling<\/strong> every man, woman, and child in the king\u2019s lineage\u2026 the aristocratic lineages\u2026the priesthood\u2026 the whole power structure.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">BABYLONIAN VOICE 1:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">It\u2019s really quite civilized.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">BABYLONIAN VOICE 2:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">This way, we <strong>sever<\/strong> their ties to family gods and ancestral lands.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">BABYLONIAN VOICE 3:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">We <strong>sever<\/strong> the authority that came from local and civic gods.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">BABYLONIAN VOICE 4:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">And thus we neutralize any future threat\u2014<strong>without<\/strong> severing all their heads!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">-=-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Panel 3: A group of finely-dressed Jewish exiles, standing and seated in a room filled with cushions of rich fabric. Bronze shields hang on a wall. Ornate open-air floor-to-ceiling windows look out on a deep-blue night sky.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">NARRATION: The exile only lasted about <strong>50 years,<\/strong> though. Then in 539 BC the Persian Empire conquered the Neo-Babylonian Empire, and told all the captive peoples they were free to return home. Most stayed put.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">JEWISH EXILE MAN 1:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Leave civilization? Go back to the sticks?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">JEWISH EXILE MAN 2:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Are you nuts?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">JEWISH EXILE MAN 3:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">I\u2019m a captain of the imperial chariots.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">JEWISH EXILE WOMAN 1:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">My family is all respected scribes and officials.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">JEWISH EXILE MAN 4:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">I\u2019m making a fortune importing gold and spices and fabrics!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">JEWISH EXILE WOMAN 2:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Life is good here!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">-=-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Panel 4: A man and a woman work on a small farm in ancient Judah. In the distance are their adobe house, a palm tree, and new arrivals cresting the hill. The man wipes his brow as he notices the new arrivals.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">NARRATION: But some <strong>did<\/strong> repatriate to the (now Persian) province of Yehud. This was <strong>not<\/strong> popular with the locals.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">RETURNING EXILE:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Ah, home again in Zion, and-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>OI!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Get off the land of my forefathers!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">FARMER:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>Your<\/strong> forefathers?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">-=-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Panel 5: Narration box.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">NARRATION:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">They had learned <strong>many<\/strong> things in Babylon that would help them re-assert political authority.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">One was the bygone practice of <strong>law codes<\/strong> that had legitimized the rule of ancient kings.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Borrowing <strong>heavily<\/strong> from the Code of Hammurabi (and some older Mesopotamian codes, plus a few local traditions) they wrote down the <strong>\u201cCovenant Code\u201d<\/strong> found in Exodus 20:23-23:19.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">-=-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Panel 6: Bearded Yahweh, seated on a throne, robed, and wearing an Egyptian-style Shmoo-shaped crown, holds out his hands in benediction.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">NARRATION:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">But this time, instead of exalting a <strong>king<\/strong> as the right ruler\u2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">The Covenant Code exalted a <strong>god<\/strong> as sovereign!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">And an upstart local god, at that\u2014a god called <strong>Yahweh.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">JEWISH EXILE MAN 3 (from the panel below):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Sounds like crazy talk to me.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">-=-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Panel 7: The group of finely-dressed Jewish exiles from panel 3. Jewish Exile Man 3 is spinning his finger by his temple in a \u201cthat\u2019s crazy\u201d gesture.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">JEWISH EXILE MAN 1:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Gods may hint, or advise, but they never <strong>command.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">JEWISH EXILE MAN 2:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Gods don\u2019t <strong>rule<\/strong> over people.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">JEWISH EXILE WOMAN 1:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">So who <strong>is<\/strong> this \u201cYahweh\u201d fellow?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">JEWISH EXILE WOMAN 2:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">And how come <strong>he<\/strong> gets to be sovereign?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">-=-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Panel 8: Average Joe, as a talking head, flanked by ancient Hebrew-type scrolls.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">JOE:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Let\u2019s find out!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Along the way, we\u2019re going to see how these people of Yehud invented <strong>monotheism\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">And <strong>law<\/strong> as we know it\u2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u2026both entirely by <strong>accident!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><\/div><\/div><a id='bg-showmore-action-6a8e7b0f28cc75068065321' class='bg-showmore-plg-link bg-arrow '  style=\" color:#9ca7a5;;\" href='#'>View Transcript<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[48,35,63,60,1,46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-brief-history-of-government","category-constitutional-law","category-inventing-the-law","category-the-institution-revolution","category-uncategorized","category-what-were-they-thinking"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Nathan\"\/>\n\t<meta name=\"msvalidate.01\" content=\"CB184FE4CADC154F7ED629ED6A403A0A\" \/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lawcomic.net\/guide\/?p=7106\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.0.1\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lawcomic.net\\\/guide\\\/?p=7106#article\",\"name\":\"106. 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